<aside> 💭

just study this bro :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpC2uedZzlY&t=52s&ab_channel=the7student

</aside>

Structure of a Water Molecule

image.png

  1. Draw the central molecule with one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules
  2. Draw one interrupted strokes line from all three atoms (both hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atom)
  3. From each interrupted strokes line, draw another water molecule (one central oxygen molecule, two hydrogen molecules to the side)
  4. For all the oxygen molecules, draw δ- (delta minus denoting negative charge) - This is because oxygen has a slightly negative net charge
  5. For all the hydrogen molecules, draw δ+ (delta positive denoting positive charge) - This is because Hydrogen has a slightly positive net charge
  6. Done!

Structure of a Nucleotide (Same for RNA and DNA, except Pentose is Replaced by Ribose Sugar)

Screenshot 2023-11-06 at 5.12.26 AM.png

  1. Draw a proper pentagon in the centre (This is the Pentose Sugar)
  2. To the top left corner of the pentagon, draw a slightly upward diagonal line, and then a slightly upward diagonal line that bends more
  3. Draw an oval at the top of this line. This is the Phosphate Group
  4. To the top right corner of the pentagon (Pentose Sugar), Draw a sleeping straight line and draw a rectangle. This is the Nitrogenous Base
  5. RNA and DNA have the same structure, just that when drawing RNA, label the pentose sugar as a ribose sugar instead (due to oxygen presence in RNA)

Structure of DNA Nucleotide Bonding

Screenshot 2025-05-13 at 3.30.23 AM.png

  1. Draw 2 nucleotides on the left with one below the other (With pentose sugar, phosphate group, and NAME of nitrogenous base)