The reconstructive memory theory explains that retrieval of memory is not a passive but an active process. According to Bartlett, humans are active processors of information and thus remember certain details and fill in the missing information from their schemas and preconceived ideas. When people learn new information and add this information to the already stored information to conform to their schemas(mental representations of people’s experiences, beliefs, and knowledge) they distort or reconstruct their memory. (then talk about schema theory)

The theory of reconstructive memory proposes that memory is not a passive retrieval of information, but an active process of reconstruction. This theory is based on the idea that memories are not stored as exact replicas of events. Instead, we store fragments and reconstruct memories during recall, filling in the gaps with prior knowledge, expectations, and cultural schemas. As a result, memories can be distorted or altered, especially when the original information is incomplete or ambiguous.

A key concept in reconstructive memory is the use of schemas, which are cognitive frameworks that help organize and interpret information, and in reconstructive memory is often used to fill in gaps of memory. Schemas are formed based on personal experiences, social norms, and cultural backgrounds. They allow for efficient information processing but can also lead to errors in recall, especially when they conflict with actual sensory input.